Analysis of Forest Vegetation Using the Point Centered Quarter Method in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve
Abstract
Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve is a conservation area characterized by high forest vegetation diversity and an important ecological role in maintaining ecosystem stability. Quantitative information on forest vegetation structure is essential as a scientific basis for conservation management. This study aimed to analyze the structure and composition of forest vegetation in the Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve using the Point-Centered Quarter Method (PCQM). The research was conducted in June 2025 using systematic sampling at ten observation points. At each point, the nearest tree in four quadrants was recorded, resulting in 40 sampled individuals. The collected data were analyzed to calculate relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance, and the Important Value Index (IVI). The results showed that the forest vegetation consisted of 11 tree species. The species with the highest ecological dominance was Syzygium lateata, with a relative density of 57.50%, relative frequency of 34.70%, relative dominance of 41.15%, and an Important Value Index (IVI) of 133.35. These findings indicate that Syzygium lateata plays a dominant ecological role in the forest community. Furthermore, the identified vegetation structure reflects a relatively uneven species distribution, highlighting the importance of monitoring dominant species to maintain ecosystem balance. This study provides essential ecological information to support conservation planning and sustainable forest management in protected areas.
References
Adnan, B. A., No, J. R. E. M., Barat, J., Mada, G., Selatan, J. T., & Utara, S. (2023). Perbandingan vegetasi ekosistem hutan pantai dan hutan dataran rendah di Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran. Bioed: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 11(1), 1–8.
Afrianti, S., & Pakpahan, E. H. (2024). Structure and composition of tree vegetation in the high conservation value area of oil palm plantations. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung, 13(3), 805–816.
Ali, F., Zeb, M., Amin, M., Rajpar, M. N., Hidayat, S., & Khan, W. R. (2024). Vegetation – edaphic correlation and importance value index in himalayan ‘ ecotone ’ temperate conifer forest using the multivariate technique. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 31(5), 1–10.
Ananda, K. D., Ariati, P. E. P., & Suprayana, P. K. (2018). Analisis vegetasi pohon di kawasan Taman Mumbul sebagai kawasan potensi wisata. Agrimeta, 08(16), 39–44.
Arisandy, D. A., & Triyanti, M. (2018). Keanekaragaman jenis vegetasi strata semak di hutan perlindungan kawasan Bukit Cogong. BIOEDUSAINS: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi dan Sains, 1(2), 95–105.
Backer, C. A., & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr., R. C. (1965). Flora of Java (Vol. 1–3). Groningen: Noordhoff. 1(1), 24–33.
Budi, S. S., Prijono, A., & Kusumaningsih, K. R. (2023). Analisis vegetasi penyusun Asmin Tropical Rain Forest conservation 2, PT. Asmin Bara Bronang, Kapuas, Kalimantan Tengah. Wana Tropika, 13(01), 17–24.
Chairul, & Arwin, L. S. I. (2023). Analisis vegetasi tegakan pohon di kawasan Hutan Kota Bukit Langisau Painan, Pesisir Selatan. Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas, 11(1), 1–6. h
Diartika, E. I. A., Sudrajat, A. K., Indrayanti, A. N., Wahyuningtyas, D., Rochmah, D. N., Aziza, D. A. N., & Ardy, F. A. (2018). Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo, Banyuwangi. Seminar Nasional Biologi “Inovasi Pendidikan dan Penelitian Biologi,” 490–494.
Handayani, T., Alpendi, & Nugroho. (2020). The diversity of tree strata vegetation in Ancient Volcano Mujil Kulon Progo Region as a learning source for biology subject in the first grade of senior high school. Proceedings of the 5th Progressive and Fun Education International Conference (PFEIC 2020), 479, 174–180.
Ikriwas, Ekamawanti, H. A., & Widiastuti, T. (2016). Komposisi vegetasi penyusun tembawang sutian dan tembawang sualam di Kecamatan Mandor Kabupaten Landak. Jurnal Hutan Lestari, 4(7), 418–426.
Imtiyaz, A. N., Hana, D. K. I., Sekarini, D. A., Ristomo, H., Bulan, P. A. N., Fajri, S., & Maretha, T. I. (2019). Analisis vegetasi pada kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi. Biosfer: Jurnal Biologi dan Pendidikan Biologi, 10(2), 169–178.
Kartini, E., Syaufina, L., & Mansur, I. (2016). Karakteristik vegetasi dan cadangan karbon pada lahan tambang di Gunung Pongkor, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 07(2), 86–94.
Kasim, F. (2022). Characteristics of Avicennia lanata (Ridley) species for mangrove restoration on the coast of North Gorontalo. Tomini Journal of Aquatic Science, 3(1), 8–20.
Kawung, I. A., Untu, S., Lengkey, Y., & Hariyadi. (2020). Analisis vegetasi hutan kota irang di Kelurahan Kayawu Kecamatan Tomohon Utara berbasis SIG. Majalah Info Sains, 1(1), 24–33.
Lumban-gaol, M., & Mudita, I. W. (2023). Structure and composition of tree and shrub species and their invasiveness in conservation areas of West Timor, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Forestry, 7(2), 134–146.
Magurran, A. E. (2016). Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell Publishing company.
Mitchell, K., & Colleges, W. S. (2023). Quantitative analysis by the point-centered quarter method. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Hobart and William Smith Colleges.
Nahlunnisa, H., Nursanti, N., Dinanty, F., & Yandi, W. N. (2025). Species diversity of trees in Sungai Buluh Peat Forest Reserve, Mendahara Ulu District, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency. Wasian, 12(2), 43–51.
Nurkholis, S., Santosa, Y., & Hiwan, I. (2023). Determination of optimal sample plot dimension for measuring species diversity of plants in beach forest ecosystem. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 17(1), 56–66.
Nurlita, D., Putri, I. L. E., & Chatri, M. (2025). Analisis kerapatan vegetasi hutan di Gunung Padang untuk memahami ekosistem. Jurnal Biosense, 8(2), 118–130.
Reshad, M., Muhammed, M., & Beyene, A. (2020). Distribution and importance value index of woody species under different successional stages at Jello-Muktar Dry Afromontane Forest, South-eastern Ethiopia. SciencePG, 8(1), 1–8.
Ruseno, S. P. A., Wijayani, S., & Andayani, S. T. (2024). Analisis vegetasi pohon di kawasan hutan dengan tujuan khusus sisimeni sanam Kabupaten Kupang. Agroforetech, 2(1), 561–570.
Salwanafi, D. A., Susanto, D., Aniarko, V. P., & Utami, I. (2023). The diversity of tree types of Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve. Jurnal Belantara, 6(1), 126–135.
Setiawan, G., & Syaufina, L. (2016). Estimation of carbon stock loss from land use changes in Bogor Regency. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 07(2), 79–85.
Sulfayanti, R., Dirhamzah, D., & Nurindah, N. (2023). Analisis vegetasi tumbuhan bawah di kawasan Hutan Konservasi Topidi Kecamatan Tinggimoncong Kabupaten Gowa. Filogeni: Jurnal Mahasiswa Biologi, 3(1), 38–43.
Surbakti, L. C., Hadinata, F. W., Nufus, H., Anggraini, R., Agustini, N. T., Leni, Y., Rolin, F., & Utami, R. T. (2025). Penilaian analisis cluster dan non-metric multidimensional scalling terhadap struktur komunitas mangrove di Desa Bagan Serdang , Sumatera Utara. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 14(2), 241–254.
Sutrisna, T., Umar, M. R., Suhadiyah, S., & Santosa, S. (2018). Keanekaragaman dan komposisi vegetasi pohon pada kawasan air terjun takapala dan lanna di Kabupaten Gowa Sulawesi Selatan. BIOMA: Jurnal Biologi Makassar, 3(1), 12–18.
Tarigan, A. F., & Siregar, E. S. (2025). Phytosociology of trees in Siranggas Wildlife Sanctuary Area , North Sumatra , Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 10(01), 1–12.
Wainscott, B. C. (2015). Surveying forest diversity and health using the point-centered quarter method. Proceedings of the Association for Biology Laboratory Education, 36, 1–16.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal Of Biology Education Research (JBER)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
